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JORGE FERNANDEZ GRANADOS Autor de "Los fantasmas del Palacio de los Azulejos" |
JORGE FERNANDEZ GRANADOS Author of "Ghosts of the Palace of Blue Tiles" Translated by John Oliver Simon |
John Oliver Simon: ¿Cómo fue
que llegaste a la literatura / poesía? JFG: En
mi casa la literatura no era central. Había libros, cierto,
y creo que hasta alguno de versos; pero más como una consecuencia
de cierta educación de mis abuelos, mis padres y mis tíos
que como un verdadero gusto literario. Los libros sólo
eran un medio de comunicación; se leían, junto
con los periódicos y alguna revista, porque contenían
información y formaban parte de la realidad del entorno,
pero estaban lejos de ser un arte ni un culto, menos una profesión
viable. No ha habido, hasta donde sé, un solo escritor
en mi familia. Lo que sí había en mi casa era una
pasión por la palabra. Hablar, saber hablar, era importante.
La palabra era el carácter. Por la palabra se respetaba
o se desdeñaba a una persona. Recuerdo que mi abuelo,
hombre de ascendencia rural aunque algunas inquietudes por la
cultura, gustaba de reunir a sus amigos en tertulias donde lo
central era la elocuencia. En la sobremesa uno a uno, de ceremoniosa
manera, tomaban la palabra; lo cual quiere decir, en efecto,
que parecían empuñarla en su turno como un estandarte,
una espada o una preciosa joya que en cada mano podía
y debía ser única. Comentaban algún acontecimiento,
halagaban al anfitrión, contaban una historia o recitaban
un poema de Salvador
Díaz Mirón o Amado
Nervo. No recuerdo más detalle de lo que decían;
sin embargo guardo hondamente la huella de ese silencio que se
abría en torno a quien se ponía de pie porque iba
a hablar, ese gesto solemne y antiguo en el que, en el ministerio
de la palabra, parecían jugarse la vida. JFG: La
mía es una poesía de muchas poesías. Es,
por tanto, una poesía de la modernidad: proviene de ella,
aprende de ella, discute con ella y finalmente es una transfiguración
muy personal de ella. En cierta forma es la búsqueda
de una síntesis entre la tradición y la vanguardia
bajo las cuales la literatura mexicana se ha debatido en su desarrollo
reciente. JOS: ¿Qué lees que pudiera sorprender a tus colegas? JFG: Me gusta mucho la ciencia. En especial la física, la astronomía y la biología. Creo que los libros, las revistas y los documentales científicos me han acompañado desde niño tanto como los poetas y los músicos. Por ejemplo, uno de los libros que cambió mi manera de entender el fenómeno de la vida fue El azar y la necesidad, del biólogo francés Jacques Monod. JOS: Como otros grandes escritores, Milton, Borges y Joyce para nombrar tres, has luchado desde hace mucho con problemas graves de salud que afectan los ojos. ¿Qué te ha enseñado las dificultades de ver? JFG: Ha sido, ante todo, un gran aprendizaje. Una lección acerca de los límites. El cuerpo es nuestro principal vehículo si no es que el único para conocer y experimentar el mundo. Perder o disminuir cualquiera de los sentidos o de las funciones del cuerpo inevitablemente es también un cambio de vida. La vida debe adaptarse entonces a sus nuevos límites. Pero todo es relativo: las cosas continúan allí, lo que cambia es la idea que tenemos de ellas. En mi caso el proceso ha sido paulatino y no podría calificarlo como trágico. He ido transitando, en los últimos doce años, de una visión normal a una visión, técnicamente, del diez o quince por ciento. Pero no habito en la penumbra. Veo lo que me circunda en medio de una muy densa neblina. La tecnología y la memoria se han convertido en mis invaluables aliadas para seguir leyendo y escribiendo textos como éste, que ahora mismo ustedes leen. En fin, las dificultades que
he debido enfrentar tal vez hayan disminuido en mí el
sentido de la vista con los ojos, pero no tengo duda que me han
enseñado a ver el mundo de otra manera. |
John Oliver Simon: How did you come
to be a poet? Jorge Fernández Granados: I dont remember when I had my first experience with poetry. I do remember that since I was very small I used to feel an extraordinary sensation, a sort of fleeting dizziness in my stomach, at certain times, especially when I heard music. I didnt understand then and I believe I still dont understand how this phenomenon was produced. The emotion is like unexpectedly recognizing someone very dear to you in the middle of a crowd; the gladness when that happens. Before I had any aesthetic preconceptions whatsoever, that feeling of immediate empathy with certain things, which to others appeared perhaps interesting or nice, took hold of me in a literally visceral way. As you might expect, my tastes have changed significantly over the years, but that gentle dizziness has not. That feeling comes back to me from time to time when I am faced with various poems or images or melodies, and I dont think I exaggerate in saying that it has become my instinct, my phsyiological compass, which helps me recognize something very dear to me in certain works of art. JOS: What are some of your influences? What has been your greatest source of inspiration? JFG: Literature did not occupy a central place in the house of my childhood. Certainly there were books, and I believe there was even some poetry; but that was more due to the educational level of my grandparents, and my parents, aunts and uncles, than to any actual literary taste. Books were simply a means of communication; one read them, just like newpapers and the occasional magazine, because they contained information and were part of a surrounding reality, but it was a far cry from any sense of devotion to art, much less the possibility of a viable profession. What we did have in my house was a passion for the word. To talk, to know how to speak, was important. Language formed character. A person was respected or disdained according to his or her language. I remember that my grandfather, a rural gentleman with certain stirrings toward a higher culture, enjoyed inviting his friends over for get-togethers which centered on the practice of eloquence. Around that table each man took the floor in turn, raising his word on high as if it were a banner, a sword or precious jewel which shone unique in each hand. They might opine about some public event, praise the hospitality of their host, tell a story or recite a poem by Salvador Díaz Mirón or Amado Nervo. I dont remember the details of what was said; nevertheless I treasure deep within me a trace of that silence which flowered in its turn around each man who stood to speak, that ancient and solemn gesture in which, as a minister of the word, he seemed to be playing for life or death. JOS: Do you think of yourself as a traditional poet? How would you locate yourself in the panorama of Mexican poetry? JFG: My poetry partakes of many poetries. Its a poetry of modernity: emerging from modernity, learning from it, arguing with it and finally very personally transfiguring it. In a way I find myself looking for a synthesis between the traditional and the avant-garde, opposite camps which have bitterly argued in recent Mexican literature. Possibly the principal constant in my poetry has been finding ways to make my interior environment into a shared space. To affirm the significance of the particular, the individual, to the extent that nothing else joins us to the largely human. JOS: What virtues do you most apperciate in a poet? JFG: For me the greatest writers are the visionaries, those in whom language fulfills itself not only as literature but as a way of rethinking existence, as a destiny; those who achieve, in the Greek sense of the term, the creation of a Logos: a word from which emanates a world. JOS: How do you relate to Mexico? What are your thoughts about Mexican poetry? JFG: Like so many others, I begin to understand the meaning of my own country and my culture as I encounter the questioning diversity of other countries and cultures. As I result, I can say that what I like about the culture to which I belong is its powerful identity, which never gives up and never is lost, and yet is able to mix itself into extraordinarily diverse environments and bring forth nourishing fruit. I admire perhaps not in my country, but certainly in my culture a certain ancestral and cyclical notion of time, which finds an expression in our most ordinary daily routines. The best Mexican literature seems to come out of a continuing dialogue or interchange with a circular concept of time: life and death, sacrifice and renewal, and the unending play of creation, disintegration and rebirth. JOS: What advice do you have for young poets? JFG: Whatever you do, dont forget that life is brief, brutal and unforgettable. JOS: What are you reading that might surprise your friends and colleagues? JFG: I love science. Especially physics, astronomy and biology. I believe that scientific books, magazines and documents have been as close to me as poets and composers since my childhood. For example, one book which changed my understanding of the phenomenon of life was Chance and Necessity, by the French biologist Jacques Monod. JOS: Like other great writers, Milton, Borges and Joyce to name just three, you have struggled for years with serious health problems which have affected your vision. What have you learned from your struggle to see? JFG: More than anything it has been a great learning process. A lesson about limits. The body is our principal perhaps our only vehicle for experiencing and understanding the world. To lose or have diminished any of the senses or the bodys functions inevitably changes ones life. Then life must adapt itself to new limits. But its all relative: things are still out there, what changes is our idea of them. In my case the process has been gradual and I cannot call it tragic. Over the last twelve years I have gone from normal vision down to about what is technically about fifteen percent. But I do not exist in a twilight. I see what is around me through a very dense fog. Technology and memory have been invaluable allies which have helped me go on reading and writing texts such as this one, which you all are now reading. Finally, the difficulties which I may have encountered have diminished my sense of sight via the eyes, but I have no doubt at all that they have taught me to see the world in another way. Translated from the Spanish by John Oliver Simon. Back to the catalog. Back to interviews. |
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